[14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. She kicked me so hard that I fell. Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. PD-Polish Public Domain. Key and copyright. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . "Worst of all were the whips.". Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Others labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? Conditions in the camp were brutal and prisoners were used as forced laborers. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. Women were needed, especially to oversee womens camps like at Ravensbruck. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. Images in the news broadcasts concealed his face for legal reasons. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Loved seeing the nazi scum hanging,i hope they suffered a long agonising death. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Dave, Read about our approach to external linking. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. What science tells us about the afterlife. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? All those who worked in it were. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. . She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. In 1949, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Hans Jacobi, the commandant of Stutthof subcamps forming Baukommando Weichsel or OT Thorn (Organisation Todt Thorn) for women digging anti-tank ditches,[6] was tried before the criminal court in Toru and sentenced to three years in prison. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. Row of Barracks at Stutthof [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. She died in 1989. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. Your email address will not be published. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. In recent years, prosecutors have successfully convicted former death camp guards using the argument that by helping to operate camps like Auschwitz and Sobibor, they were accessories to the. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. She called. Getting to Stutthof. [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. She died in 2000. The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials.
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