Tribal enrollment requirements preserve the unique character and traditions of each tribe. 2. General Admission Requirements . tribal constitutions or tribal codes. High School Final Grade Transcripts, HiSET or GED Scores - Official high school grade transcripts must show a final 2.50 grade point average or higher. (A "base roll" is the original list of members as designated in a tribal constitution or other document specifying enrollment criteria.) See NILL catalog record or purchase a copy. Provide Tribal Members with information on their enrollment status, "Certification of Membership" or "Blood Quantum Certification" documents upon request. Referendums and Secretarial Elections are distinct and defined in Article XIV: Referendum and Article XII: Amendment, of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Constitution. Voters also approved, with 57 percent of the vote, a provision to let individual bands determine their own enrollment requirements. ISBN: 978-0-3142-9084-7) hb```"ef]~130p(@@( PI-]>[$XH0ImEJn2u It serves as a centralized governing body for the six tribes, representing an estimated total population of 41,000 Ojibwe citizens. or tribal enrollment office. May 6, 2015. The blood quantum rule is used by many tribes in the U.S., according to Tadd Johnson,. 3. This month, we celebrate our 12th year of delivering Native News to readers throughout Indian Country and beyond. The purpose of the non-binding referendum vote is to get an idea of the thoughts and opinions of MCT membership about enrollment., Never miss Indian Countrys biggest stories and breaking news. (you can also send by mail or fax): Full name Date of Birth Current mailing address Phone number. 2761 Enrollment does not accept hospital birth records. Robert A. Williams Jr. (Lumbee) the E. Thomas Sullivan Professor of Law and American Indian Studies and the Faculty Co-chair Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program at the University of Arizona Dr. Jill Doerfler (White Earth) - Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth, "Tribal Enrollment And Blood Quantum." Search for "enrollment" or "membership" to find sections on those topics. Chapter 4 covers Tribal Membership, including membership criteria, judicial review of membership determinations, disenrollment, and federal government intervention. II Council Rep Ron.Trottier@tmbci.org Guide to Tracing Your American Indian Ancestry (Bureau of Indian Affairs). The tribal parent must complete the application and will need to submit it with the childs courthouse birth certificate. No cash. The Evergreen State takes the top spot again in the U.S. News Best States ranking on the strength of its tech sector and other industries. You are welcome to come in and get yours, the first one is free.Other services offered through our office include voter registration for Tribal elections and certifications for Michigan Indian Tuition Waiver Applications and Verification of Indian Preference for Employment in the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service. Enrollment Appeals If an applicant is denied membership into the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe by official action of the Tribal Executive Committee then that individual may appeal to the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Enrollment Review Committee, as established per the Enrollment Ordinance. See also, the department's Trace Indian Ancestry page. Three years ago, I initiated a Tribal Legal Development Clinic at UCLA, whose purpose has been to assist Indian nations in building their legal infrastructures. 1 - Duties of Tribal Court Advocate to Ensure Due Process Afforded to All Individuals Targeted for Disenrollment (June 26, 2015). Officials say 65% of voters on an advisory referendum say the blood quantum requirement should be removed from membership in the six-reservation tribe. U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240. can I still get access? a specific tribe has, contact the tribe's main office ~mTaKC IE9_H]TF. Up to date addresses sought. In 2007 we began offering new Tribal ID cards. The platform is designed to engage citizens and government leaders in a discussion about what needs improvement across the country. The blood quantum requirement has caused the tribe's enrollment to shrink with many children not considered members despite having a parent who is. Sec. Supply current data on specific add cards to the Bureau of Indian Affairs to insure computer print-out is current. The BIA provides services to approximately 30,100 enrolled Tribal members. Mission Statement The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, comprised of the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, Mille Lacs, and White Earth reservations, is a federally recognized tribal government that, through unified leadership, promotes and protects the member Bands while providing quality services and technical assistance to the reservation governments and tribal people. No. Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College is committed to an "Open Door" admission policy for all of its programs ad does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, sex, or age. Applicants in this category will be required to furnish the documentation proving their Native Ancestry. document.getElementById('cloakc3d777ed611ba53f28c63081718ae5cf').innerHTML = ''; The Superintendent is assisted by a Deputy Superintendent for Trust Services and a Deputy Superintendent for Indian Services in administering trust and non-trust functions for the Turtle Mountain Agency. 23 January 2023. The biological minor children of full bonifide members are still being enrolled. See our guide to Tracing Your American Indian Roots for tips on genealogy research. The change hasnt yet gone into effect, and questions linger about how enrollment will impact the tribes connection to the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, as well as its federal status. The staff also provides assistance to Tribal Members and other departments regarding the tribal enrollment status. This book may also be available through your local law library. We sincerely look forward to assisting you in any way we can. : Full Name Date of Birth Current Mailing AddressPhone numberCredit Card Number and Expiration Date (the fee is $5 per tribal ID card). Anishnaabek Community and Family Services, Explanation of Release of Information Form. Its a group that has included her children and grandchildren. The Tribal Council shall appoint an Enrollment The enrolled tribal parent must fill out an enrollment applicationand submit a copy of the childs courthouse birth certificate (or state copy). These lists are not comprehensive, so we suggest you search the web for . Among the agenda items was a resolution drafted by MCT legal counsel pertaining to the ballot question for the referendum, which was presented as such to those in attendance: Therefore be it resolved, that MCT TEC does hereby authorize a referendum to be conducted on the following question: Should Article II of the Revised Constitution and Bylaws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe be amended through a Secretarial Election to remove the current membership requirements, including the one quarter blood degree requirement, and replace such membership requirements with authorization to the individual Bands to establish Band specific membership requirements through Resolution or Ordinance. Copyright 2022 TheAssociated Press. Tribal Government | Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians Turtle Mountain Tribal Council Jamie Azure Tribal Chairman Jamie.Azure@tmbci.org Craig Lunday Dist. The Enrollment Office of the Turtle Mountain Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs is located in Belcourt, ND, and maintains the enrollment rolls for the tribe and is responsible for providing documentation of ones enrollment. Enrollment Procedures and Recourse Chippewa Tribe votes to end blood quantum requirements . 7 GTBC 3 TRIBAL ENROLLMENT ORDINANCE 7:4 04 - 05 - 2008 (z) Tribal member - A duly enrolled member of the Tribe. MN Chippewa Tribe Begins Lengthy Process to Change Blood Quantum Requirements. var addy_textc3d777ed611ba53f28c63081718ae5cf = 'ssynett' + '@' + 'saulttribe' + '.' + 'net';document.getElementById('cloakc3d777ed611ba53f28c63081718ae5cf').innerHTML += ''+addy_textc3d777ed611ba53f28c63081718ae5cf+'<\/a>'; No personal checks. 5 American Indian Law Journal 102, 125. For more information on the MCT and previous meetings, please visit mnchippewatribe.org, First Portion Of American Rescue Plan Act Funding Received, New Economic Assistance Program Established, Early Waterfowl Hunting Prohibited On L.L. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. What is the Certificate of Degree of Indian or Alaska Native Blood (CDIB)? b. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Financial Assistance and Social Services The BIAs objective is to develop solutions to complex problems, by integrating new and innovative ideas and concepts with existing BIA policy and procedures. The recommendation of the Enrollment Office and Tribal Operations Office shall be presented to TEC and any change must be authorized by resolution. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. We respectfully acknowledge the University of Arizona is on the land and territories of Indigenous peoples. Provides a brief description of the tribal enrollment process. Healthcare consumers live in an on-demand world and expect access to their healthcare data. At that time, the TEC voted instead to initiate the current Constitutional Reform process which was expected to address the enrollment issues through the implementation of a new constitution. Some of the largest tribes in the U.S., like the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and the Tohono Oodham Nation (Arizona), dont require blood quantum, but direct lineage to when the original rolls were calculated after the passing of the Indian Reorganization Act. The Native Nations Institute and The University of Arizona make efforts to ensure the information presented is accurate and up to date, but make no claims, promises, or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the content contained on this website. (U.S. Department of the Interior) Appointment of the Enrollment Director. NOTICE: Clarification of YTD Gaming Per Cap. The Tribal Executive Committee (TEC) is composed of the Chairman and Secretary-Treasurer from each of the six member bands. If your tribe uses blood quantum, do you think your tribe will exist 100 years from now? Since enrollment was changed to blood quantum, the number of enrolled members has steadily declined. Members of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (MCT) will decide this summer on a number of tribal enrollment issues, including blood quantum requirements that could play a significant role in future membership and the overall population of the six-nation tribe. SeeNILL catalog recordorpurchase a copy. The change hasn't yet gone into effect, and questions linger about how enrollment will impact the tribe's connection to the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, as well as its federal status. Marie Tribe closed to all adults. The case has apparently renewed ongoing discussion on the future of enrollment requirements for the 1,000-member St. Croix Chippewa, which is currently among fewer than 10 of 562 federally recognized tribes in the United States to require a blood quantum of 50 percent. What Percentage Indian Do You Have to Be in Order to Be a Member of a Tribe or Nation, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Financial Assistance and Social Services, Guide to Tracing Your American Indian Ancestry, Formal Opinion No. This book may also be available through your local law library. In addition, enrollment or membership requirements often can be found in var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; Tribal Enrollment. It is the BIAs responsibility to provide services to the Turtle Mountain Tribe and its members. BUSINESS HOURS:The Sault Tribe Enrollment Department is open Monday-Friday, 8a.m.-5p.m. We are closed for all major holidays and occasionally due to unforeseen circumstances. This Clinic, Native Nations Institute Main SiteConstitutions Resource CenterSign Up Log In. The referendum is a guide for tribal leaders who will now decide whether to ask voters to amend the tribe's constitution. The new proposals - there are two of them that would be voted on - would change that requirement to either allow all Chippewa blood in the United States to count into the equation or to allow all . var addydadcec9abd0b7d32db6c51b58361effa = 'csayles1' + '@'; The Tribal Council meet once a month in an Open Public Meeting (OPM), with all other open-to-the-public meetings held at the Tribal Headquarters. For court cases, federal legislation, and news that is relevant to tribal enrollment, search "enrollment" or "membership" in the Indian Law Bulletins. This database is also used to generate mailing lists and labels as well as reports for other Tribal programs including the Tribal Newsletter. A lot of people want to get enrolled because they assume casino money, or benefits are a part of being a tribal citizen.. 1345 Good, Dallas Ext. (http://www.nativeamericacalling.com/wednesday-may-6-2015-tribal, accessed May 11, 2015), "Blood Quantum and Sovereignty" is a beginner-level conversation focused on why blood quantum is controversial, as well as how it came to be used as an enrollment and citizenship criteria for Native nations. Today, the most common enrollment criteria used by tribes is blood quantum, or a minimum of one-quarter (1/4) degree of Indian blood from only one federally recognized tribe. For the past dozen years, weve covered the most important news stories that are usually overlooked by other media. All children of at least one quarter (1/4) degree Minnesota Chippewa Indian blood born after July 3, 1961, to a member, provided that an application for enrollment was or is filed with the Secretary of Tribal Delegates or the Tribal Executive Committee within one year after the date of birth of such children, says the Minnesota Chippewa Tribes Constitution. First Nations Development Institute offers this list of resources to help you find information about Native American tribal enrollment and genealogy. `t{w.(cy KGb qz% Administration Desk/Switch Board: 1-866-534-7750 (231) 534-7750. A list of registered voters, and mailing labels, We process tuition waivers, Verification of Indian Preference for Employment in the Bureau of Indian Affirs and Indian Health Service and Tribal enrollment verifications for Indian Child Welfare, We have three Notaries in our office for assistance, We can provide Certificates of Enrollment and CDIBs (Certified Degree of Indian Blood) to Tribal members as needed. Leech Lake Tribal Chairman Faron Jackson Sr. said this vote was a huge step forward for the TEC and looks forward to what it could mean for the Leech Lake Band. The Enrollment / Tribal Operations Department is responsible for processing Enrollment applications and presenting them to the Enrollment Committee for review. To obtain information about your eligibility for membership, you must contact the tribe. About 4,200 citizens voted yes for the six individual membership tribes (Bands) to determine their own membership requirements determined by each Band Ordinance, while nearly 3,000 voted no.. H, Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. The United States federal government implemented the 1/4 degree of Indian blood (blood quantum) as a criteria for services provided by the government after the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and pressured many tribes to do the same. Law review articles on tribal enrollment are . 2605 N West Bay Shore DrivePeshawbestown, MI 49682 - 9275, Phone (231) 534-7101 | Fax (231) 534-7715, Grand Traverse Band ofOttawa and Chippewa Indians, 2605 N. West Bay Shore Dr.Peshawbestown, MI 49682, Emergency Numbers (when offices are closed), Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Resolution No. To apply for enrollment an individual must have a biological parent(s) enrolled with the Reservation(s) in which applicant is applying with. HWoHW#>kctp@T5U%GmoB.-?ggy{Kz/ ) mSckM0K'2Zd2'oZ, NT^],='aIcm This is a guide to enrollment or membership for Colorado tribes published by the Colorado State Library. Access is restricted specifically to current members of the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. After you have completed your genealogical research, documented your ancestry, and determined the tribe with which your ancestor was affiliated, you are ready to contact the tribe directly to obtain the criteria for membership. The University of Arizona is not responsible for and neither approves nor endorses third party website content. Should the referendum pass, MCT members would then vote again in a future Secretarial Election on the actual language of the amendment to the MCT Constitution. We accept Visa, Mastercard or Discover. They contain far more data than the previous ID did. Tribal Enrollment processes enrollment appeals for members of Tribes that have adverse enrollment actions by Bureau officials. For cases, legislation, and news on disenrollment, search "disenrollment" in the Indian Law Bulletins. Would you like to see your tribe change enrollment policy to blood quantum or lineal descent? The remaining officials act as board members. The requirement has had the effect of shrinking the tribe's enrollment, with many children not considered members despite parents who are. #7?u^cri>^wV (;BgXyGp7@ O8Ag|a# &"6oVck^W17d'PZ pLm[:aNkDty,yk&1Y+4F!.$15wU~4ebi}==pAJ\B$ [U7>&L4A$SUs|\~n61Jl}nrGTHq)QPwgSbr875G+[34b%Aa^L{rICYFQ^XA% #uAc>.,ttaxXeBd?x8HtAB]+p[4>I)!9kL( MtcLb0.\HeZ_s4QF'&:'w(J>@!FgQz24, &(n_RaLAz7Z y[=ZKknFfF(JNj};~O=s_;6~m,Rp5fb.3o9vB-Wd1_wGF`_d o =#A__ . var addyc3d777ed611ba53f28c63081718ae5cf = 'ssynett' + '@'; MN Chippewa Tribe Votes to End Blood Requirement for Members. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. document.getElementById('cloakdadcec9abd0b7d32db6c51b58361effa').innerHTML = ''; RMO{yoZ-SF/eI 2[1 6R?b>?Z\Ifbij $KIIF,mYcQF{?'MsE29N{B95Src'YA4DAf@4x2thO}_meh9AOX(](t1gxjz=?6t_0W+<>O~v{x{m_\~skp^]9eu6 24 January 2023. (Fax Number: 9066321648). Since 1961, membership in the six-nation tribe requires a minimum of 25 percent Minnesota Chippewa Indian blood, or blood quantum, stemming from 1941 membership rolls kept by the federal government. Sorry, no personal checks. The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe was created on June 18, 1934 and is the organized government for six Chippewa, or Ojibwe, bands in the state of Minnesota. Enrollment does not accept hospital birth records. All Rights Reserved. http://www.nativeamericacalling.com/wednesday-may-6-2015-tribal Matthew Fletcher: Defining Citizenship: Blood Quantum vs. Descendancy, Members Only? @_z{nLR^HrVeyy\T>:xUApN:boz+&H=tK*<2_P5MZ4mVX}+G6iDwzY0j6- u( document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 - Leech Lake News. Tribal enrollment criteria are set forth in tribal constitutions, articles of incorporation or ordinances. There are six Chippewa Bands that comprise the MCT, a federally recognized tribal governmentBois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, Mille Lacs, and the White Earth Band of Ojibwe. After the Indian Reorganization Act passed, the Minnesota Chippewa Tribes Executive Committee passed resolutions to continue with lineal descent as the enrollment criteria, however the Secretary of the Interior, would not approve them. Get Indian Law news delivered to your inbox, FAQs for individuals seeking Native American Tribal membership, Certificate of Degree of Indian or Alaska Native Blood Application and Instructions. Fletcher (Wolters Kluwer, 2011. "The vote was higher than any other secretarial (constitutional) election and higher than any other vote that we had for office for our regular elections . The best states in the U.S. come from coast to coast. 171 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[166 10]/Info 165 0 R/Length 49/Prev 230546/Root 167 0 R/Size 176/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; Acceptable forms of payment are: Visa, Mastercard, Discover or Money Orders. The Tribal Leaders Directory that is published by the Bureau of Indian Affairs lists all 574 federally recognized American Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives. I Council Rep Kenneth.Malaterre@tmbci.org Ron Trottier, Sr. Secretary Treasurer / Dist. All rights reserved. document.getElementById('cloak2812f17dc6aec1b4f76cd1942ecd3057').innerHTML = ''; I Council Rep Craig.Lunday@tmbci.org Kenneth Malaterre Dist. Leech Lake News - Important news and information for the Leech Lake area in Minnesota. Traditionally, we have counted on our young people to provide those things our elders cannot, she said. Enrollment Contact Information Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians Enrollment Department PO Box 555 Red Lake, MN. On June 22, 2021, the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Tribal Executive Committee (MCT TEC) held a special meeting on the Bois Forte Reservation to discuss enrollment issues, specifically, blood quantum requirements for enrollment as defined in the current constitution. An adverse enrollment action results from the preparation of a Tribal roll subject to Secretarial approval or an appeal to the Secretary is provided for in the Tribal governing document. Visit the NILL Tribal Law Gateway to review our collection of tribal codes 0 Any person who has been rejected for enrollment as a member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe shall have the right of appeal within sixty days from the date of written notice or rejection to the Secretary of the Interior from the decision of the Tribal Executive Committee and the decision of the Secretary of Interior shall be final. The MCT TEC held their regular Quarterly Meeting on July 12th, 2021 at the Mille Lacs Grand Casino. Our news is free for everyone to read, but it is not free to produce. Please feel free to contact our office during regular business hours or email us at the addresses listed below. For more information about enrollment, contact the BIA Enrollment Office at 701-477-6141. Each tribe determines whether an individual is eligible for membership. Tribal enrollment criteria are set forth in tribal constitutions, articles of incorporation or ordinances. Provides an authoritative, insider's perspective on the critical importance of tribal membership to both the individual member and to the tribe. The Enrollment / Tribal Operations Department is responsible for processing Enrollment applications and presenting them to the Enrollment Committee for review. It also lists all the Regions, Agencies and Offices within the BIA. . Following the meeting, the MCT released a memo on their website stating: It is important to be clear with our voters that participating in a referendum vote does not change the constitution. Audio. DULUTH, Minn. (AP) The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe has voted to remove a decades-old requirement that members have a minimum of 25% Chippewa blood. (University of Oklahoma Law Library) Marie. The MCT and its governmental powers are divided between the tribe, and the individual bands, which directly operate their reservations. You can also call our office and pay over the phone with credit/debit. Chippewa Cree Tribal Enrollment Certification - contact the Chippewa Cree Tribal Enrollment Office (406) 395-5238 for the Certification of Indian Blood or tribal ID. (This is due to federal law, and not the beliefs or traditions of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians.). Each tribe maintains it's own enrollment records and records about past members. National Native American Bar Association's Formal Opinion No. US Interior Department Seeks to Restore Bison, Legislation Would Ensure Equal Treatment for Michigan's Native Children, Guardians, Pokagon Band and Its Four Winds Casinos Celebrate Grand Opening of Its 23-Story Hotel in South Bend, Former Oglala Sioux Tribe President Pleads Not Guilty to Wire Fraud, Embezzlement Charges, Native News Weekly (February 26, 2023): D.C. Briefs, Native American Soprano Will Honor Her Ancestor, Chicago's Indigenous People at Upcoming Opera, Exhibition of Indigenous Artwork Shares Connections to Thriving Communities, Building an EHR Strategy for Digital Transformation. Respond to correspondence from potential Tribal Members, and direct Tribal Members to proper agencies. An enrolled relative can sign a release form to allow the applicant access to the documentation in their file to complete the applicant's application. Today, Arizona is home to 22 federally recognized tribes, with Tucson being home to the Oodham and the Yaqui. Certificate of Degree of Indian or Alaska Native Blood Application and Instructions (Bureau of Indian Affairs). Providing services to our members is our top priority. Myth of a monthly check, see page 2 of %PDF-1.6 % These applicants must still be able to trace their ancestry pursuant to Section 11.106 of the Membership Ordinance. I am in support of changing blood quantum requirements that ensures enrollment protects our rights, citizenship, and resources, she said. From the protests at Standing Rock and the rise of the American Indian Movement (AIM), to the ongoing epidemic of Murdered and Missing Indigenous People (MMIP) and the past-due reckoning related to assimilation, cultural genocide and Indian Boarding Schools. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. The department was formed to document membership so the tribe could petition the United States government for federal recognition. endstream endobj 167 0 obj <>/Pages 164 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 168 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 169 0 obj <>stream Tribal Enrollment Ordinance; Resolution No. Designing Citizenship Requirements for Indian Nations. aIBruk#mOx3>1!V22f+.F_#0HST_S~&lM]\pbjI'I@s RCvA^!Q]Rq(\Acrxn? This will open their freedom.. Under the proposal supported by Leech Lake, the enrollment criteria defined in Article II of the current MCT Constitution would be changed to allow the six sovereign Bands to individually determine tribal membership of their respective Band. What are tribal membership requirements? 2023 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona. The majority of voters say each reservation Fond du Lac, Mille Lacs, Bois Forte, Grand Portage, White Earth and Leech Lake should be allowed to determine its own enrollment requirements, the Star Tribune reported. For many Native communities throughout the High Desert, works of art are imbued with spirit, tied to purpose and intrinsic to thriving communities. July 21, 2022 MINNESOTAOn Wednesday, 7,470 enrolled citizens of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (MCT) voted in a non-binding referendum on whether to remove or keep the blood quantum requirement to be enrolled in the tribe, and whether the six member tribes of the MCT can determine their own membership requirements individually. Being enrolled in a tribe is also about protecting land and resources, not to take them, and there are people who are looking to be enrolled to exploit those resources.. (aa) Tribe - As used in this ordinance means the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. On a daily basis the staff makes updates to a database that manages data on member identification and vital statistics such as addresses and phone numbers. The requirement has had the effect of shrinking the tribe's enrollment, with many children not considered members despite parents who are. The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, comprised of the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, Mille Lacs, and White Earth reservations, is a federally recognized tribal government that, through unified leadership, promotes and protects the member Bands while providing quality services and technical assistance to the reservation governments .
